What kind of frog is the common Surinam toad?

The common Surinam toad is a fully aquatic frog that inhabits the murky waters of the Amazon River basin.

They spend their entire lives in water and do not come onto land.

Their flattened body is well-suited for hiding on the bottom, and their small eyes are located on the top of their head.

They also lack tongues.

How do common Surinam toads breathe?

Common Surinam toads primarily breathe through their skin (cutaneous respiration).

Their skin is extremely thin, allowing blood vessels to be visible.

To enhance oxygen uptake from the water, they have folds of skin along the sides of their bodies to increase their surface area.

What do common Surinam toads eat?

Common Surinam toads are carnivorous, feeding on aquatic insects, crustaceans, and small fish.

Since they lack tongues, they capture prey by suction, engulfing it with their wide-open mouths.

They have star-shaped sensory organs on their front toes that help them detect vibrations in the water and locate prey.

How do common Surinam toads raise their young?

Common Surinam toads have a unique reproductive method. The female lays her eggs on the male's back, and he protects them until they hatch.

During mating, the male and female perform a complex dance, rolling and rotating in the water.

This dance helps embed the eggs into the female's back skin.

The eggs hatch within the female's back skin, and the fully formed froglets emerge.

This unusual breeding method, where the female seems to "carry" her offspring on her back, earned them the common name "midwife toad."

Are common Surinam toads endangered?

While common Surinam toads are facing population decline in some areas due to habitat loss and pollution, they are listed as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List.

However, their habitat in the Amazon River basin is being destroyed by development and deforestation.

Water pollution is also a growing threat.

Protecting their habitat is crucial for the conservation of common Surinam toads.