Polar Bear
Polar Bear
Polar Bear
Do you know one species of bear, polar bear, characterized by its large white body? Polar bears are often seen in zoos and TV programs, and they are also motifs for various characters, so I like polar bears! Many people may say. The body of such a polar bear hides many interesting secrets for survival in the very cold Arctic. Let's take a peek at what characteristics and secrets polar bears have in this article!
Polar Bear Basic Infomation
Mammalia-Carnivora-Ursidae.
Length:male 2～2.5m female 1.8～2m. Weight:male 400～600Kg female 200～350Kg.
The polar bear is one species of bear and the largest carnivore on earth.
Living in the Arctic, they are large and have small ears, double hair, thick subcutaneous fat, and hair that grows densely down to the soles of their feet, making them adapted to living in very cold conditions.
Polar bears are basically animals that live alone, but only males and females during the breeding season and females during child-rearing behave with their young.
Polar bear males reach sexual maturity in 5~6 years of age, and females reach sexual maturity about 6 years after birth. When sexual maturity is reached, pregnancy and Breed are possible.
The breeding season is from March to June, the gestation period is about 195 to 265 days (* including the time of implantation delay), and 1 ~ 4 babies (average 2 babies) are born in one birth.
Basically, only female polar bears raise their young, and male polar bears do not participate in raising their young.
Rather, when a male polar bear encounters a polar bear parent and child, it may attack the child and eat it.Children learn what is necessary to live in the Arctic while living with their mother, and leave their parents and become independent about 2~3 years after birth.
Polar Bear Q&A
Where does the polar bear get its name?
An animal famous in English under the name of "polar bear". By the way, in Japanese it is called "hokkyoku guma".
Why is an animal called a "polar bear" in English named a "hokkyoku guma" in Japanese? This time, we will introduce its origin.
If you trace the origin of the name "hokkyoku guma" in Japan, you will arrive at Ueno Zoo, the oldest in the Japan.
Polar bears first came to Japan in 1902, and at that time, Ueno Zoo was breeding albino asian black bears.
However, if this continues, it will be difficult to tell which is the white Asian black bear, so in order to distinguish them, they decided to call the white bear from the North Pole "hokkyoku guma".
And the name took root as it is, and it continues to this day.
By the way, the scientific name is "Ursus maritimus", which means "bear living in the sea".
Why do polar bears live there?
Polar bears are animals that live only in the Arctic. There is an image that the Arctic Circle, which is covered with huge ice, is difficult for animals to live in, but why do polar bears dare to live in this Arctic Circle?
This is because the Arctic Circle is surprisingly a place where a rich ecosystem with many animals has been built.
In the Arctic Circle, a lot of phytoplankton occurs in spring, so shellfish and crustaceans gather using phytoplankton as food, and fish and birds gather.
In search of them, seals, dolphins, polar bears, and other mammals living in the sea gather and live there.
What do polar bears eat?
Polar bears are carnivorous animals, so they catch and eat various animals.
The main prey is young ringed seals, but they also eat bearded seals, harp seals, walruses and beluga whales.
In the summer, when there is no sea ice to hunt, they eat reindeer, dead whale meat, seabirds and their eggs, fish, plants, etc., but there are also polar bears who wait for months to hunt seals without eating anything.
For polar bears, which eat mainly fat after catching prey, young ringed seals with a lot of body fat are the best feast.
Polar bear hunting often involves ambushing until prey appears, or sneaking up to capture them so that they don't notice their opponents.
Ambush-type hunts wait patiently looking for holes in the ice where seals make their faces to breathe the air outside. And it aims and attacks where the seal comes out of the ice hole.
At this time, they may wait patiently for hours.
The creeping type of hunt first looks for seals resting on the sea ice, and then gradually approaches them while swimming so as not to be noticed by them.
Then, when they get close to the seals, they dive or hide in the ice, get even closer, and jump out of the sea at once to attack.
By the way, zoos often give horse meat and chicken, fish such as hokke and horse mackerel, apples, sweet potatoes, and sausages dedicated to carnivores.
Is it true that polar bears are good swimmers?
It's true.
Polar bears have a streamlined head with a small head and a long neck, which is less susceptible to water resistance and has a body shape suitable for swimming.
And using the front legs like oars and the rear legs like rudders, you can swim in the freezing cold waters of the Arctic for 1~10 days without rest.
So far, there have been confirmed cases of swimming a distance of 687 km, which is equivalent to the distance between Tokyo in Japan and Hakodate in Hokkaido, for up to nine consecutive days.
Polar bears swim in the Arctic Ocean in search of seals as their prey and sea ice as a place to hunt seals.
However, in recent years, due to the effects of global warming, the sea ice that polar bears can use as hunting grounds has become smaller, and it seems that they are forced to swim long distances in order to survive.
Is it true that polar bears' skin is black?
It's true.
Polar bears have a pure white body, so isn't their skin also white? Many of you may have thought.However, surprisingly, polar bears' skin is black. And because the skin is black, the body can efficiently absorb sunlight.
So why does the body of a polar bear with black skin look white? The secret lies in their hair.
The polar bear's hair is actually transparent instead of white, and the inside is a straw-like cavity.Since this cavity acts as an insulator, polar bears can not only maintain their body temperature even in the freezing Arctic, but also help to gain buoyancy when swimming.
It is thought that this transparent fur and black skin are repeatedly reflected by sunlight, making polar bears appear white.
By the way, depending on the season, the hair of polar bears in zoos may turn green. This phenomenon is said to be a condition in which algae have entered the cavity in the hair and have propagated.
The detailed reason why algae enter the cavity is not known, but it is said that it does not affect the health of polar bears in particular because it returns to its original white color when it is changed to winter hair.
Do polar bears hibernate?
No, polar bears are animals of the ursidae, but they do not hibernate.
By the way, pregnant females spend the winter in a pitch-dark burrow for about 3 months, giving birth and raising children in a fasted state.However, even at this time, it is not in hibernation with a lower body temperature and body functions like other bears.
As a side note, wild polar bears are said to be close to hibernation when seals are not caught, lowering body temperature and body functions to save energy.
※What is hibernation?
It refers to the time when animals stop activities such as eating food and exercise during the cold season and spend time until the temperature rises with their body temperature and body functions lowered.
Although only a limited number of animals hibernate, some bears, squirrels, bats and mice, and cold-blooded animals such as reptiles and amphibians (snakes, frogs, turtles, etc.) are known to hibernate.
Why do polar bears vary in their gestation periods?
This is because female polar bears have a phenomenon called "implantation delay".
When the male and female of the animal mate and the sperm and egg meet in the female's tummy, a fertilized egg is formed. Normally, a fertilized egg implants in the uterus as it is, from which the fetus develops.
However, it is known that polar bears and other bears have a phenomenon called "implantation delay" in which the fertilized egg does not implant immediately in the female uterus and stops developing in the womb after the fertilized egg is formed.
It is believed that the reason for implantation delay is to adjust the timing of childbirth so that the baby is born in the best condition. Therefore, bear companions vary considerably in the number of days from mating to calving.
Polar bear babies are born very small, weighing about 500g. However, polar bear breast milk is very fatty, and about 33% of the total is fat, which is very nutrient-rich. (By the way, the fat content of human breast milk is about 3.5%)
Polar bear babies drink plenty of nutritious breast milk until they are full, and they grow steadily. In this way, it is said that "giving birth small and raising big" is the bear-style way of raising children.
Can polar bears be kept as pets?
By the way, can polar bears be kept at home as pets like dogs and cats?
When breeding unusual animals at home, it is necessary to follow the laws established in some countries. Therefore, this time, we will focus on whether polar bears can be bred in Japan.
First of all, all types of bears, including polar bears, are designated as "specified animals" that may endanger human life and property under the Japan law.
Since June 1, 2020, the keeping of specific animals for pet purposes has been completely prohibited, so polar bears cannot be kept as pets in Japan Japan.
By the way, it seems that in other countries besides Japan some people keep polar bears as pets, but it is very difficult to keep an animal that weighs hundreds of kilograms at home.
This is because even polar bears, which are accustomed to people, can seriously injure humans or, in the worst case, die from a blow that they intend to play.
What is the lifespan of a polar bear?
The lifespan of polar bears is said to be about 25~30 years old in the wild and in captivity.
The longest-lived polar bear in Japan was "Nana", a female polar bear kept at Yagiyama Zoological Park in Miyagi Prefecture until 2021, and lived to be 36 years old, which is more than 100 years old when converted to humans.
By the way, the oldest polar bear in the world is a female polar bear "Debbie" that was kept at a zoo called Assiniboine Park in Canada until 2008, and she lived to be 42 years old.
Debbie is a wild-origin individual found separated from her mother and has been recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest-lived polar bear.
What enemies do polar bears have?
Polar bears in the wild have almost no natural enemies, but they can be attacked by killer whales while swimming. In the case of babies, male polar bears and birds of prey are also natural enemies.
Sadly, however, polar bears' number one enemy is us humans.
Due to the effects of global warming caused by human activities, the sea ice in the Arctic has melted, and there are fewer places where polar bears can safely hunt and raise their young.
In addition, harmful chemicals are carried to the Arctic by wind and seawater, which weakens polar bears' resistance to diseases and confirms deformities to their reproductive organs.
Polar bears at the top of Arctic ecosystems are particularly susceptible because harmful substances tend to accumulate in their bodies as animals at the top of ecosystems.
Currently, polar bears are designated as an endangered species and internationally protected, but for these reasons, there are concerns that they may become extinct someday.
By the way, the Inuit, the indigenous people of the Arctic, have hunted polar bears since ancient times, taking advantage of their meat and fur.Therefore, they still have the right to hunt polar bears within the specified range and if necessary for their livelihood.
What can you do to protect polar bears?
At the moment, there are an estimated 26,000 polar bears on Earth, but it is thought that if global warming continues at this rate, wild polar bears will become extinct by 2100.
So what can we do to prevent polar bears from becoming extinct?
Unfortunately, there is little we can do directly about polar bears living in distant Arctic lands.
However, in response to global warming, which is one of the causes of polar bears' suffering, we can make small efforts such as adjusting the temperature of air conditioning and heating, turning off the lights frequently, and using public transportation instead of private cars as much as possible to avoid wasting electricity.
The power of each and every one of us is truly small. However, if many people pay attention to environmental issues and try to reduce the waste of energy steadily, the movement will eventually become a great power.
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Polar Bear Type of List
Alaskan Peninsula Brown Bear
The Alaskan Peninsula brown bear roams the majestic wilderness of the Alaskan Peninsula. They are known as one of the largest brown bears, second only to the Kodiak bear. Let's explore the powerful ecology of the Alaskan Peninsula brown bear, the environment they inhabit, and their relationship with humans.
Alexander Archipelago Black Bear
Off the southeast coast of Alaska, shrouded in mist, lie the Alexander Archipelago islands. Here lives a unique black bear, the Alexander Archipelago black bear, also known as the Dall black bear. They have adapted to the rich forests and coastlines of this region. Let's explore the ecology of the Alexander Archipelago black bear, their environment, and their relationship with humans.
American Black Bear
Deep within the forests of North America, lives the resilient American black bear. Their appearance, ranging from black and brown to even gold, is truly reminiscent of a forest spirit. Let's take a peek into the hidden world of these versatile creatures, who are adept at climbing trees, fishing, and just about anything!
Asiatic Black Bear
Lurking in the forests of Asia is the enigmatic Asiatic black bear. Its jet-black fur and the shining white "moon crescent" on its chest make it an instantly recognizable creature. These expert tree climbers—what kind of lives do they lead? Let's explore their ecology and their relationship with us humans.
Balochistan Black Bear
In the rugged mountains of Pakistan, the Balochistan black bear lives a secluded life. These bears, a subspecies of the Asian black bear, have adapted to the harsh, dry environment. However, they are now critically endangered. Let's explore the ecology of the Balochistan black bear and the efforts to protect them.
Bear
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Bornean Sun Bear
In the rainforests of Borneo, lives the smallest bear in the world, the Bornean sun bear. They have a sun-like marking on their chests, earning them the nickname 'sun bear.' Let's delve into the captivating ecology of the Bornean sun bear and the serious threats they face.
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Brown Bear
The brown bear strides powerfully across the vast landscapes of the north. Its majestic figure emanates an undeniable presence, truly deserving of the title "King of the Forest." Today, we'll delve into the secrets of the brown bear, a creature that has adapted to diverse environments and lives a tenacious life.
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California Black Bear
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California Grizzly Bear
The California grizzly bear, once an iconic symbol of California's majestic wilderness. Their golden-brown fur and powerful presence left a lasting impression on the hearts of the people. However, they vanished from the Earth in the early 20th century. Let's explore the glory and decline of the California grizzly bear and the lessons they left behind.
Cinnamon Bear
In the forests of the American West, lives the cinnamon bear, a bear with a coat as warm and inviting as its namesake spice. While belonging to the black bear family, they captivate people with their beautiful color. Let's explore the ecology of the cinnamon bear, the environment they inhabit, and their relationship with humans.
Dall's Brown Bear
In the vast wilderness stretching from southern Alaska to northern Canada, lives the Dall's brown bear, a powerful and resilient subspecies of the brown bear. Let's explore the ecology of Dall's brown bear, their environment, and their relationship with humans.
Eastern American Black Bear
In the vast forests of eastern North America, the Eastern American black bear thrives. They are the most common subspecies of the American black bear, and their numbers have been increasing in recent years. Let's explore the ecology of the Eastern American black bear, the environment they live in, and their relationship with humans.
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Eurasian Brown Bear
Across the vast forests and mountains of Europe and Asia, the Eurasian brown bear thrives. Adaptable to various environments, they exhibit a range of appearances and behaviors. Let's explore the fascinating world of Eurasian brown bears, their diverse habitats, and their complex relationship with humans.
Ezo Brown Bear
Symbolic of the majestic nature of Hokkaido, the Ezo brown bear reigns supreme. As Japan's largest land mammal, these solitary kings roam freely through the rich forests and mountainous regions. Let's explore their powerful presence and delve into their lesser-known ecology.
Florida Black Bear
In the southeastern United States, where the state of Florida boasts a warm climate and abundant nature, the Florida black bear makes its home. They have unique characteristics that set them apart from other black bears. Let's explore the ecology of the Florida black bear, the environment they live in, and their relationship with humans.
Formosan Black Bear
The Formosan black bear, a treasure of Taiwan. These bears, residing in the rugged mountainous regions, bear a white "moon crescent" on their chests as they tenaciously navigate their environment. Today, let's delve into the ecology of these endangered creatures and the conservation efforts underway to protect them.
Glacier Bear
In the majestic glacial regions of Alaska, lives a bear with a beautiful bluish-gray coat: the glacier bear. These bears, a subspecies of the American black bear, captivate people with their unique coloration. Let's explore the ecology of the glacier bear, their environment, and their relationship with humans.
Gobi Bear
The Gobi bear, also known as the Mazaalai, survives in the harsh environment of the Gobi Desert as a last bastion. They are one of the world's most endangered bear species. How do they survive in this harsh desert? Let's explore the ecology of the Gobi bear and the efforts to protect them.
Grizzly Bear
The majestic peaks of the Rocky Mountains, the vast wilderness of Alaska - these are the domains of the grizzly bear, a large bear that symbolizes North America. Its silver-tipped fur and overwhelming strength exude an awe-inspiring presence. Join us as we unravel the hidden world of the grizzly bear and reveal its captivating allure.
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Haida Gwaii Black Bear
Off the west coast of Canada, shrouded in mist, lie the mystical Haida Gwaii Islands. These islands are home to a special black bear called the Haida Gwaii black bear. Let's explore their unique ecology, their environment, and their relationship with humans.
Himalayan Black Bear
On the steep slopes and in the deep forests of the Himalayas, lives the Himalayan black bear, a resilient creature that has adapted to the harsh environment. Their distinctive white crescent moon mark on their chests is a testament to their survival in this challenging habitat. Let's explore the ecology of the Himalayan black bear, the magnificent natural world that surrounds them, and their relationship with humans.
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Himalayan Brown Bear
High in the Himalayas, the Himalayan brown bear thrives in a challenging high-altitude environment. These bears, adapted to the harsh conditions, have evolved unique characteristics. Let's delve into the mystical world of the Himalayan brown bear and explore their ecology and the environmental issues they face.
Indian Sloth Bear
Deep within the forests of the Indian subcontinent lives a peculiar and endearing bear, the Indian sloth bear. With their long claws, shaggy fur, and remarkable ability to demolish anthills, they are the most representative subspecies of sloth bears. Let's explore the fascinating ecology of these bears and uncover their captivating charm.
Japanese Black Bear
In the heart of Japan's deep mountains, the Japanese black bear lives a quiet life. The white crescent moon marking on their chests evokes a sense of the forest's mystique. Now facing a threat to their existence, these symbols of a rich natural heritage need our attention. Let's explore the ecology of the Japanese black bear and the efforts to protect them.
Kamchatka Brown Bear
The Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, a land of majestic volcanoes and glaciers. Here lives the Kamchatka brown bear, known as one of the largest brown bears in the world. The sight of them catching salmon as they swim upstream is particularly breathtaking! Join us as we explore the dynamic ecology of these impressive bears.
Kenai Black Bear
The Kenai Peninsula of Alaska, a land rich in diverse nature. Here lives the Kenai black bear, a subspecies of the American black bear, well-adapted to the peninsula's forests and mountains. Let's explore the ecology of the Kenai black bear, their environment, and their relationship with humans.
Kermode Bear
On the islands shrouded in dense forests off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, there lives a bear known as the 'spirit bear.' The Kermode bear, a subspecies of the American black bear, captivates people with its mystical appearance. Let's delve into the ecology of the Kermode bear, their environment, and their relationship with humans.
Kodiak Bear
On a remote island in Alaska, lives one of the largest bears in the world, the Kodiak bear. How do they survive in this rich natural environment? Let's take a closer look at the amazing ecology of the Kodiak bear and the world they inhabit.
Louisiana Black Bear
In the southern United States, in the state of Louisiana, where the Mississippi River flows and vast wetlands stretch, the Louisiana black bear makes its home. Once on the brink of extinction, they are slowly making a comeback thanks to conservation efforts. Let's listen to the story of the Louisiana black bear, explore their ecology, and consider the hope for their future.
Malayan Sun Bear
Have you heard of the animal called 'Malayan Sun Bear'? As the name suggests, it's a type of bear, but when you think of bears, you might imagine something a bit scary. However, the Malayan Sun Bear is different from the bears you might envision, it's actually quite adorable. By the end of this article, you might find yourself wanting to meet a Malayan Sun Bear. Let's dive into learning more about them!
Marsican Brown Bear
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Mexican Black Bear
In the dry mountainous regions that stretch from northern Mexico to the southwestern United States, the Mexican black bear makes its home. These resilient black bears are adapted to the harsh conditions of this environment. Let's delve into the ecology of the Mexican black bear, explore their world, and examine their relationship with humans.
Mexican Grizzly Bear
The Mexican grizzly bear, a majestic creature that once roamed the mountainous regions of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. These bears, a subspecies of grizzly bear, commanded awe with their powerful presence. However, they vanished from the Earth in the mid-20th century. Let's explore the glory and decline of the Mexican grizzly bear and the lessons they left behind.
New Mexico Black Bear
In the southwestern United States, in the state of New Mexico, where majestic mountains and deep forests stretch, lives the New Mexico black bear. These bears, beloved as a state symbol, are an integral part of the local ecosystem. Let's explore the ecology of the New Mexico black bear, the environment they inhabit, and their relationship with humans.
Newfoundland Black Bear
Off the east coast of Canada, lies the beautiful island of Newfoundland. This island, surrounded by rich nature, is home to the Newfoundland black bear. These bears are slightly larger than other black bears and have a gentle spirit. Let's explore the ecology of the Newfoundland black bear, the environment they inhabit, and their relationship with humans.
Olympic Black Bear
On Washington state's Olympic Peninsula, the Olympic black bear, a subspecies of the American black bear, makes its home. Adapted to the vast forests and mountains of this peninsula, these bears are relatively small and have distinctive black fur. Let's explore the ecology of the Olympic black bear, their environment, and their relationship with humans.
Sichuan Black Bear
In the rugged mountains and bamboo forests of Sichuan, China, lives the Sichuan black bear. They possess unique characteristics that set them apart from other Asian black bears. Let's explore the ecology of the Sichuan black bear and the environment they inhabit, as well as their relationship with humans.
Sitka Brown Bear
The Sitka brown bear makes its home in Southeast Alaska, particularly in the Sitka region and surrounding islands. They are a subspecies of brown bear, adapted to the unique climate and natural environment of this region. Let's explore the ecology of the Sitka brown bear, the environment they live in, and their relationship with humans.
Sloth Bear
Deep within the forests of the Indian subcontinent lives a peculiar and endearing bear. The sloth bear, with its long snout, shaggy fur, and penchant for demolishing anthills, is a truly unique creature. Join us as we explore the fascinating ecology of these bears and uncover their captivating charm.
Spectacled Bear
High in the cloud forests of the Andes Mountains lives a bear with a unique appearance. It's called the "Spectacled Bear," named for its charming, bespectacled face. Let's explore the surprising ecology of this fascinating creature.
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Sri Lankan Sloth Bear
In the forests of Sri Lanka, lives a peculiar and endearing bear, the Sri Lankan sloth bear. With their long claws, shaggy fur, and remarkable ability to suck up termites, they are a unique and endangered subspecies. Let's explore the fascinating ecology of the Sri Lankan sloth bear and the efforts to protect them.
Stikine Brown Bear
In the Stikine River basin of British Columbia, Canada, where dense forests and rugged mountains meet, the Stikine brown bear makes its home. These bears, known for their powerful physique, play a vital role in the rich ecosystem of this region. Let's explore the world of the Stikine brown bear, their way of life, and the challenges they face for their future.
Syrian Brown Bear
In the mountainous regions of the Middle East, the Syrian brown bear resides, a creature that once roamed widely but now faces the threat of extinction. Let's explore the ecology of the Syrian brown bear, the harsh realities they face, and the glimmer of hope for their future.
Tibetan Black Bear
High on the Tibetan Plateau, in one of the highest places on Earth, lives the Tibetan black bear. Adapted to the harsh, cold environment, they are a resilient subspecies of the Asian black bear. Like other subspecies of the Asian black bear, they have a distinctive white, crescent moon-shaped mark on their chest. Let's explore the fascinating ecology of the Tibetan black bear and the world they inhabit.
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Tibetan Blue Bear
High on the Tibetan Plateau, amidst a world of towering mountains and sweeping grasslands, lives the Tibetan blue bear, a remarkable creature adapted to the harsh conditions of this high-altitude environment. Known for their thick fur and muscular physique, they are shrouded in mystery. Let's uncover the fascinating ecology of the Tibetan blue bear and the environmental challenges they face.
Ussuri Black Bear
In the far eastern reaches of Russia lives one of the largest Asiatic black bears. The Ussuri black bear, a prominent creature of the Ussuri River basin. Today, let's delve into their strength, resilience in harsh environments, and their fascinating ecology.
Ussuri Brown Bear
In the rich forests of the Russian Far East, lives the Ussuri brown bear, a powerful and resilient subspecies of the brown bear. They are the same subspecies as the Ezo brown bear in Hokkaido, making them a familiar bear to Japan. Let's delve into the ecology of the Ussuri brown bear, their environment, and their relationship with humans.
Vancouver Island Black Bear
Vancouver Island, off the coast of British Columbia, Canada. Here, the Vancouver Island black bear, a unique subspecies of black bear, calls this island home. They have adapted to the island's forests and coastal areas, showcasing their resilience and strength. Let's explore the ecology of the Vancouver Island black bear, the environment that surrounds them, and their relationship with humans.
Western Mexican Black Bear
In the mountainous regions of western Mexico, the Western Mexican black bear thrives, a resilient black bear adapted to the arid environment. However, they are now facing the threat of extinction. Let's explore the ecology of the Western Mexican black bear and the efforts to protect them.
White Bear (Albino Asian Black Bear)
Deep within the forest, a white shadow shimmers under the moonlight. It is the "Shirokuma," an albino individual of the Asian black bear. Its mystical appearance captivates people, inspiring awe and wonder. Let's delve into the ecology of this rare creature and rediscover the preciousness of its existence.
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Polar Bear References
- Web東奥「36歳ホッキョクグマ死ぬ、仙台 国内最高齢、八木山動物公園」 https://www.toonippo.co.jp/articles/-/466818
- WWFジャパン「ホッキョクグマの生態と、迫る危機」 https://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/basicinfo/3565.html
- 釧路市動物園「ホッキョクグマ」 https://www.city.kushiro.lg.jp/zoo/shoukai/0049.html
- よこはま動物園ズーラシア「ホッキョクグマ」 http://www.hama-midorinokyokai.or.jp/zoo/zoorasia/animal/subarctic/PolarBear/
- ナショナルジオグラフィック「ホッキョクグマ、687キロを泳ぐ」 https://natgeo.nikkeibp.co.jp/nng/article/news/14/4607/
- ナショジオ動画「餓死寸前のホッキョクグマ エサ求める姿が涙を誘う」 https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO25371690V00C18A1000000/
- シゼコン 自然科学観察コンクール「ホッキョクグマの毛は本当は何色か？～なぜ白く見えるのか？～」 https://www.shizecon.net/award/detail.html?id=189
- カナダシアター「もっと知りたい ホッキョクグマ」 https://www.canada.jp/stories/post-1015/
- 札幌市円山動物園「ピリカのプールデビュー」 https://www.city.sapporo.jp/zoo/topics/polar_bear4.html
- 東京ズーネット「企画展「クマ──飼育史・冬眠・研究」開催中！」 https://www.tokyo-zoo.net/topic/topics_detail?kind=event&inst=ueno&link_num=10670
- 国立極地研究所「北極海の豊かな生態系を育む植物プランクトンの通年の生物量変化を初観測—天然の有機物貯蔵庫が海洋生物のホットスポットを支えている—」 https://www.nipr.ac.jp/info/notice/20160429.html
- 夢ナビ「クマが冬眠するメカニズムとは？」 https://yumenavi.info/lecture.aspx?GNKCD=g002697
- 神戸市王子動物園「第36号はばたき」 http://www.kobe-ojizoo.jp/habataki/pdf/habataki36.pdf
Polar Bear Introduction of media used
出典：https://www.pexels.com/ja-jp/photo/4517474/
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出典：https://pixabay.com/images/id-4605476/
出典：https://pixabay.com/images/id-3646475/
出典：https://unsplash.com/photos/3Z0ev9DqwsY
出典：https://pixabay.com/images/id-2294953/
出典：https://unsplash.com/photos/KgRKlQXmHR0
出典：https://unsplash.com/photos/Opd59VdnPn0
enemy
出典：https://pixabay.com/images/id-1439621/
出典：https://unsplash.com/photos/Uvx4MCOk2cE
出典：https://pixabay.com/images/id-404314/
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